Background and Objectives: Ovarian cancer has highest case - fatality rate among gynecologic malignancies. It accounts for about 25% of all malignant neoplasms of the female genital tract in U.S. The epithelial neoplasm is the most common type of ovarian cancers. The functional ovarian cysts are usually found in reproductive age and the most common type are follicular ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PATHOLOGIC types of ovarian tumors and their distribution in different age groups and by clinical manifestations. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 141 patients with ovarian lesions who were admitted for operation in Al-Zahra Hospital. All of them were studied PATHOLOGICally. Results: Out of the total cases studied, 87% of ovarian masses were encountered in women in their reproductive years and 83% of them were benign. Nonepithelial cancers were the most common type of ovarian cancers. Only five of the epithelial tumors were observed in premenopausal women. The most common ovarian functional cyst was luteal type. Most commonly benign ovarian masses were presented with abdominal pain while malignant tumors were observed with abdominal masses. Conclusion: Results of this study showed luteal types were the most common functional cysts. Most of the ovarian malignant tumors were seen in premenopausal age group. It seems that lack of using protective factors such as oral contraceptive pills and low median-age of women are the most important factors for occurrence of malignant ovarian tumors in premenopausal age groups.    

Background: Intussusception represents as the invagination of a part of the intestine into itself and is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children between 6 months to 3-years-old.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the recurrence rate and predisposing factors of recurrent intussusception.Patients and Methods: The medical records of children aged less than 13-years-old with confirmed intussusception who underwent reduction at a tertiary academic care in northern Iran (Mazandran), from 2001 to 2013 were reviewed. Data were extracted and recurrence rate was determined. The two groups were compared by chi square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney and t-test. Diagnosed cases of intussusception consisted of 237 children.Results: Average age of the patients was 19.57 ± 19.43 months with a peak of 3 to 30 months. Male to female ratio was 1.65 and this increased by aging. Recurrence rate was 16% (38 cases).87 (36.7%) underwent surgery. These were mainly children under one year old. In 71% (40) of episodes recurrence occurred 1 to 7 times within 6 months. The recurrence occurred in 29 (23.5%) children in whom a first reduction was achieved with barium enema (BE) and 5 (5.7%) children who had an operative reduction (P<0.001) in the first episode. PATHOLOGICal LEADing POINTs (PLPs) were observed in 5 cases; 2.6% in recurrence group versus 2% in non-recurrence group (P=0.91). Three patients had intestinal polyp, 2 patient’s lymphoma and Mackle’s diverticulum. Age (P=0.77) and sex (P=0.38) showed no difference between the two groups. PLPs were observed in 1.4% of children aged 3 months to 5 years. This was 13.3%, in older children (P=0.02).Conclusions: The recurrence of intussusception was related to the method of treatment in the first episode and it was 5-fold higher in children with BE than in operative reduction. Recurrent intussusceptions were not associated with PLPs, they were more idiopathic.

Background: Colocolic intussusception is rare in children and most cases in adolescents are produced by a LEAD-POINT. A review of the English-written literature revealed only three cases of colocolic intussusception without LEAD POINT.Case presentation: A seven year-old boy with chief complaint of colicky abdominal pain and vomiting for five days, dysentery for 4 days, and no response to antibiotic therapy, increasing pain and abdominal distension was referred to pediatric gastroenterologist. Abdominal x-ray revealed multiple air-fluid levels and gasless colon. Pseudo-kidney appearance was reported in abdominal ultrasound at splenic flexure. Colocolic intussusception diagnosis without any LEAD POINT was confirmed in laparotomy and reduced with milk-out procedure.Conclusion: In children with dysentery especially in presence of colicky abdominal pain, abdominal distention and no response to antibiotic therapy, abdominal ultrasound to rule out intussusception is recommended.

Background & aim: Cardiac auscultation is one of the most useful investigative tools that the physician may use at the bedside to detect alterations in cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.However, the sensitivity and specificity vary substantially with the expertise of the examiner. The aim of this study comparing the initial evaluations of heart murmurs in neonates between neonatologist and pediatric cardiologist.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 neonates admitted in Be’sat and Fatemieh Hospitals of Hamadan, Iran, in 2010. First, a neonatologist recorded their clinical evaluation (PATHOLOGIC, Likely PATHOLOGIC, Innocent). Then, a Pediatric cardiologist recorded the infants’ clinical evaluation. Finally, echocardiography study was performed by the cardiologists for final diagnosis. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and the using Chi-square.Results: In this study, 67 patients (62%) had PATHOLOGIC murmur. Clinical findings of PATHOLOGICal murmur by neonatologist and cardiologist are 98% sensitivity versus 87.2%; 84.2% specificity vs.100%; 94.1% the positive predictive value vs.100%; and 94% negative predictive value vs.85.4%, respectively.Conclusion: Evaluations of examination show no significant difference between neonatologists and cardiologists. Hence, echocardiography is the standard for establishing the cause of murmur.

Exposure buildup factors for water and LEAD have been calculated by the Monte-Carlo method for an isotropic POINT source in an infinite homogeneous medium, using the latest cross sections available on the Internet. The types of interactions considered are: photoelectric effect, incoherent (or bound-electron Compton) scattering, coherent (or Rayleigh) scattering and pair production. Fluorescence radiations have also been taken into account for LEAD. For each material, calculations were made at 10 gamma ray energies in the 40 keV to 10MeV range and up to penetration depths of 10 mean free paths at each energy POINT. The results presented in this paper can be considered as modified gamma ray exposure buildup factors and be used in radiation shielding designs.

Non-cooperative intelligent control agents (ICAs) with dedicated cost functions, can LEAD the system to poor performance and in some cases, closed-loop instability. A robust solution to this challenge is to place the ICAs at the feedback Nash equilibrium POINT (FNEP) of the differential game between them. This paper introduces the designation of a robust decentralized infinite horizon LQR control system based on the FNEP for a linear time-invariant system. For this purpose, two control strategies are defined. The first one is a centralized infinite horizon LQR (CIHLQR) problem (i.e. a supervisory problem), and the second one is a decentralized control problem (i.e. an infinite horizon linear-quadratic differential game). Then, while examining the optimal solution of each of the above strategies on the performance of the other, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of the two problems are presented. In the absence of the conditions, by using the least-squares error criterion, an approximated CIHLQR controller is presented. It is shown that the theorems could be extended from a two-agent control system to a multi-agent system. Finally, the results are evaluated using the simulation results of a Two-Area non-reheat power system.

Statistical Shape Models are used to interpret shapes. They include mean and variance of corresponding POINTs of training shapes. One of the most important challenges in building statistical shape models is to establish correct correspondences among landmarks in a training set. In this paper, the non-rigid CPD (Coherent POINT Drift) method is used to find correct correspondences among POINTs. This method uses both Deterministic Annealing and a non-rigid scheme to register two shapes simultaneously. Then, the statistical shape model is built using a rigid transformation. The proposed method is evaluated using Compactness, Generalization ability and Specificity measures. The built model is compared to models created using the ICP (Iterative Closest POINT), TPS-RPM (Thin Plate Spline – Robust POINT Matching) and MDL (Minimum Descreption Length) methods by these metrics. The results show that the proposed method performs like the MDL regarding Specificity measure (0.21±0.06). The Compactness and Generalization ability measures of the proposed method are very similar to those for the MDL method. The run-time of our proposed method is about 68 seconds which is faster than non-rigid TPS-RPM and MDL approaches (390 and 3600 seconds respectively). Our results are superior to the ICP and TPS-RPM algorithms.